Health expenditures (total, public and private) and per capita income in the BRICS+T: panel bootstrap causality analysis

Authors

  • S¸erif Canbay Department of Economics, Akçakoca Bey Faculty of Political Sciences, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
  • Mustafa Kırca Department of Economics, Akçakoca Bey Faculty of Political Sciences, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey

Keywords:

Economic growth, Per capita income, BRICS T, Private health expenditures, Public health expenditures, Panel bootstrap causality analysis

Abstract

Purpose

The study aims to determine whether there is a bidirectional causality relationship between health expenditures and per capita income in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and Turkey (BRICS+T).

Design/methodology/approach

For that purpose, the 2000–2018 period data of the variables were tested with the Kónya (2006) panel causality test. Additionally, the causality relationships between public and private health expenditures and per capita income were also investigated in the study.

Findings

According to the analysis results, there is no statistically significant causality relationship from total health expenditures and public health expenditures to per capita income in the relevant countries. Besides, there is a unidirectional causality relationship from private health expenditures to per capita income only in Turkey. On the other hand, a unidirectional causality relationship from per capita income to total health expenditures in China, Russia, Turkey and South Africa and from per capita income to public health expenditures in India, Russia, Turkey and South Africa were determined. Consequently, a causality relationship from per capita income to private health expenditures was found out in Russia and Turkey.

Originality/value

The variables are tested for the first time for BRICS+T countries, vis-à-vis the period under consideration and the method used.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-06-2021-0105

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Published

2022-06-30

How to Cite

Canbay, S., & Kırca, M. (2022). Health expenditures (total, public and private) and per capita income in the BRICS+T: panel bootstrap causality analysis. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 27(53), 52–67. Retrieved from https://revistas.esan.edu.pe/index.php/jefas/article/view/598